近日，一家蜜橘網店被浙江大學的學生帶火了。
浙大一名博士生之前曾在此訂購橘子，溝通中店主得知買橘子是為做科研，決定免費寄一箱，還說“幫不了國家大忙遇到了就出點力”。聊天記錄被髮出後引來同學們下單“手動點贊”，店主也提示大家理性消費。
網友：我們國家真的有最好的人民。
借（cèng）此（gè）機（rè）會（diǎn），我們來看看研橘子的相關研究。
無註釋原文：
Substance in tangerines fights obesity and protects against heart disease, research suggests
Science Daily
May 26, 2011
New research from The University of Western Ontario has discovered a substance in tangerines not only helps to prevent obesity， but also offers protection against type 2 diabetes， and even atherosclerosis， the underlying disease responsible for most heart attacks and strokes。
Murray Huff， a vascular biology scientist at the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry， along with Erin Mulvihill， a PhD student， studied the effects of a flavonoid in tangerines called Nobiletin。 Their research is published in the journal Diabetes。
In a model of metabolic syndrome developed by the Huff laboratory at the Robarts Research Institute， mice were fed a “western” diet high in fats and simple sugars。 One group became obese and showed all the signs associated with metabolic syndrome： elevated cholesterol and triglycerides， high blood levels of insulin and glucose， and a fatty liver。 These metabolic abnormalities greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes。
The second group of mice， fed the exact same diet but with Nobiletin added， experienced no elevation in their levels of cholesterol， triglycerides， insulin or glucose， and gained weight normally。 Mice became much more sensitive to the effects of insulin。 Nobiletin was shown to prevent the buildup of fat in the liver by stimulating the expression of genes involved in burning excess fat， and inhibiting the genes responsible for manufacturing fat。
“The Nobiletin-treated mice were basically protected from obesity，” says Huff， the Director of the Vascular Biology Research Group at Robarts。 “And in longer-term studies， Nobiletin also protected these animals from atherosclerosis， which can lead to a heart attack or stroke。 This study really paves the way for future studies to see if this is a suitable treatment for metabolic syndrome and related conditions in people。”
Huff‘s research has focused on the pharmacological properties of naturally-occurring bioactive molecules。 Two years ago， his research drew international attention when he discovered a flavonoid in grapefruit called Naringenin offered similar protection against obesity and other signs of metabolic syndrome。 Huff says “What’s really interesting to us is that Nobiletin is ten times more potent in its protective effects compared to Naringenin， and this time， we‘ve also shown that Nobiletin has the ability to protect against atherosclerosis。”
The research was funded primarily by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario， with additional grant support from the Pfizer Canada Cardiovascular Research Program。
- ◆ -
注：中文文字為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應
含註釋全文：
Substance in
tangerines
fights
obesity
and protects against heart disease, research suggests
Science Daily
May 26, 2011
New research from
The University of Western Ontario
has discovered a substance intangerinesnot only helps to preventobesity， but also offers protection againsttype 2diabetes， and evenatherosclerosis， the underlying disease responsible for most heart attacks andstrokes。
西安大略大學（The University of Western Ontario）的新研究發現，橘子中的一種物質不僅有助於預防肥胖，而且還能預防2型糖尿病，甚至還能防止動脈粥樣硬化，這是導致大多數心臟病發作和中風的潛在疾病。
tangerine
tangerine /ˌtændʒəˈriːn/ 表示“橘，蜜橘”，英文解釋為“a type of small sweet orange with loose skin that comes off easily”。
obesity
obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解釋為“the fact of being extremely fat， in a way that is dangerous for health”。
diabetes
diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs， -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病；多尿症”，英文解釋為“a medical condition caused by a lack of insulin ， which makes the patient produce a lot of urine and feel very thirsty”。
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis /ˌæθərəʊsklɪəˈrəʊsɪs/ 表示“動脈粥樣硬化”，英文解釋為“adegenerative disease of the arteries characterized by patchy thickening of the inner lining of the arterial walls， caused by deposits of fatty material； a formof arteriosclerosis”。
stroke
表示“中風”，英文解釋為“a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain， sometimes causing a loss of the ability to move particular parts of the body”
Murray Huff
， avascularbiology scientist at the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry， along with
Erin Mulvihill
， a PhD student， studied the effects of aflavonoidin tangerines called
Nobiletin
。 Their research is published in the journalDiabetes。
舒立克醫學與牙科學院的血管生物學科學家默裡·赫夫（Murray Huff）與博士生艾琳·馬爾維希爾（Erin Mulvihill）一起研究了橘子中一種名為川陳皮素（Nobiletin）的黃酮類化合物的作用。他們的研究發表在《糖尿病》（Diabetes）雜誌上。
vascular
vascular /ˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“血管的；維管的”，英文解釋為“Vascular is used to describe the channels and veins through which fluids pass in the bodies of animals and plants。”
flavonoid
flavonoid /ˈfleɪvəˌnɔɪd/ 表示“黃酮類”，英文解釋為“any of a group of organic compounds that occur as pigments in fruit and flowers”
In a model ofmetabolic syndromedeveloped by the Huff laboratory at the Robarts Research Institute， mice were fed a “western” diet high in fats and simple sugars。 One group became obese and showed all the signs associated withmetabolic syndrome： elevatedcholesterolandtriglycerides， high blood levels ofinsulinandglucose， and a fatty liver。 These metabolic abnormalities greatly increase the risk ofcardiovasculardisease and type 2 diabetes。
在羅巴茨研究所的赫夫實驗室開發的代謝綜合徵（metabolic syndrome）模型中，小鼠被餵食高脂肪和單糖的“西方”飲食。其中一組變得肥胖，並顯示出與代謝綜合徵有關的所有跡象：膽固醇和甘油三酯（triglyceride）升高，血液中的胰島素和葡萄糖水平高，以及脂肪肝。這些代謝異常大大增加了心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的風險。
metabolic
metabolic /ˌmɛtəˈbɒlɪk/ 表示“新陳代謝的”，英文解釋為“Metabolic means relating to a person’s or animal‘s metabolism。”舉個：
People who have inheriteda low metabolic ratewill gain weight。
因遺傳而新陳代謝速度慢的人會發胖。
syndrome
syndrome /ˈsɪndrəʊm/ 表示“綜合徵，徵群，綜合症狀”，英文解釋為“a combination of medical problems that shows the existence of a particular disease or mental condition”
cholesterol
cholesterol /kə’lɛstərɔl/ 表示“膽固醇”，英文解釋為“Cholesterol is a substance that exists in the fat， tissues， and blood of all animals。 Too much cholesterol in a person‘s blood can cause heart disease。”如：a dangerously highcholesterollevel。 危險的高膽固醇水平。
triglyceride
triglyceride /traɪˈɡlɪsəˌraɪd/ 表示“甘油三酯”，英文解釋為“a type of fat found in the blood that is formed from glycerol （= a thick， sweet， colourless liquid） and three fatty acid groups （= one of a particular group of acids containing carbon， which are an important part of our diet）”
insulin
insulin /ˈɪnsjəlɪn/表示“胰島素”，英文解釋為“a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood （by influencing the rate at which it is removed）； a similar artificial substance given to people whose bodies do not produce enough naturally”
glucose
glucose /ˈɡluːkəʊz/ 表示“葡萄糖”，英文解釋為“Glucose is a type of sugar that gives you energy。”
cardiovascular
cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“心血管的”，英文解釋為“Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels。”舉個：
Smoking places you at serious risk ofcardiovascular and respiratory disease。
吸菸會嚴重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的風險。
The second group of mice， fed the exact same diet but with Nobiletin added， experienced no elevation in their levels of cholesterol， triglycerides， insulin or glucose， and gained weight normally。 Mice became much more sensitive to the effects of insulin。 Nobiletin was shown to prevent the buildup of fat in the liver bystimulatingthe expression of genes involved in burning excess fat， and inhibiting the genes responsible for manufacturing fat。
第二組小鼠，餵食完全相同的飲食，但添加了川陳皮素（Nobiletin），它們的膽固醇、甘油三酯、胰島素或葡萄糖水平沒有升高，而且體重正常增加。小鼠對胰島素的作用變得更加敏感。研究表明，川陳皮素（Nobiletin）透過刺激參與燃燒多餘脂肪的基因的表達，以及抑制負責製造脂肪的基因，來防止脂肪在肝臟中的堆積。
stimulate
表示“刺激，使興奮；使感興趣”，英文解釋為“to make someone excited and interested about something”舉個：
The show was intended tostimulateand amuse。
這部電影的主要目的是助興和娛樂。
“The Nobiletin-treated mice were basically protected from obesity，” says
Huff
， the Director of the Vascular Biology Research Group at Robarts。 “And in longer-term studies，
Nobiletin
also protected these animals from atherosclerosis， which can lead to a heart attack or stroke。 This study reallypaves the wayfor future studies to see if this is a suitable treatment for metabolic syndrome and relatedconditionsin people。”
“飲食中添加了川陳皮素（Nobiletin）的小鼠基本上不會出現肥胖症，”羅巴茨研究所血管生物學研究小組主任赫夫說，“在長期的研究中，川陳皮素（Nobiletin）還保護這些動物免受動脈粥樣硬化的影響，這可能導致心臟病發作或中風。這項研究確實為未來的研究鋪平了道路，看看這是否適合治療人們的代謝綜合徵和相關疾病。”
pave the way
表示“（為…）鋪平道路，（為…）創造條件”，英文解釋為“If something paves the way for/to something else， it makes the other thing possible。”舉個：
Scientists hope that data from the probe willpave the wayfor a more detailed exploration of Mars。
科學家們希望探測飛船發回的資料會為更深入地探索火星提供條件。
condition
熟詞僻義，除了表示“情況，狀況”，condition本身可以表示“疾病”，英文解釋為“any of different types of diseases”如：to suffer from a heart/skin condition 患有心臟/面板病。
out of condition 可以表示“身體狀況不佳，不在狀態”（not healthy enough for hard physical exercise， as a result of not taking part in sport or other physical activities）。
Huff
’s research has focused on thepharmacologicalproperties of naturally-occurring bioactivemolecules。 Two years ago， his research drew international attention when he discovered a flavonoid in grapefruit called
Naringenin
offered similar protection against obesity and other signs of metabolic syndrome。
Huff
says “What‘s really interesting to us is that
Nobiletin
is ten times morepotentin its protective effects compared to
Naringenin
， and this time， we’ve also shown that
Nobiletin
has the ability to protect against atherosclerosis。”
赫夫的研究集中在天然存在的生物活性分子的藥理特性上。兩年前，他的研究引起了國際關注，因為他發現葡萄柚中一種名為柚皮素（Naringenin）的黃酮類化合物，能夠提供類似的保護，預防肥胖及其他代謝綜合徵的症狀。赫夫說：“對我們來說，真正有趣的是，與柚皮素（Naringenin）相比，川陳皮素（Nobiletin）的保護作用要強十倍，這次，我們還證明了川陳皮素（Nobiletin）能夠預防動脈粥樣硬化。”
pharmacological
pharmacological /ˌfɑːrməkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ 表示“用藥物治療的”，英文解釋為“relating to treatment that uses drugs”
molecular
molecular /məʊˈlɛkjʊlə/ 表示“分子的”，英文解釋為“Molecular means relating to or involving molecules。”，如：the molecular structure of fuel 燃料的分子結構。
potent
potent /ˈpəʊtənt/ 表示“強有力的，強大的；有效力的”，英文解釋為“very powerful， forceful， or effective”舉個：
This is a verypotent drugand can have unpleasant side-effects。
該藥效力很強，副作用也不小。
The research was funded primarily bythe Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario， with additionalgrantsupport from the Pfizer Canada Cardiovascular Research Program。
這項研究主要由安大略省心臟和中風基金會資助，另外還有輝瑞加拿大心血管研究專案的資助。
grant
表示“撥款；補助金”，英文解釋為“A grant is an amount of money that a government or other institution gives to an individual or to an organization for a particular purpose such as education or home improvements。”舉個：
They‘d got a special grant to encourage research。 他們已得到了一筆用來支援研究的特別補助金。
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